A brain injury can be classified as a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or a non-traumatic acquired brain injury (ABI). A TBI results from an external force, such as a fall, accident, or blow to the head, while a non-traumatic brain injury may result from a stroke, lack of oxygen, infection, tumour, or other neurological event.

The effects of a brain injury vary widely depending on the location and severity of the damage. Individuals may experience weakness, impaired balance and coordination, dizziness, fatigue, cognitive changes, difficulty concentrating, memory challenges, behavioural changes, or communication difficulties.

Recovery is unique to each individual. While some people recover relatively quickly, others experience long-term physical, cognitive, or emotional challenges. The brain has a remarkable ability to adapt and reorganize through a process called neuroplasticity, which begins soon after injury and can continue for many years. With appropriate rehabilitation, individuals can continue to improve their mobility, independence, and quality of life.